Dec 31, 2015

他動詞の表現(受動と能動)

状態を表すのは前置詞、形容詞、現在分詞、過去分詞などです。
そのうち現在分詞、過去分詞について、受動と能動の関係を復習します。

cover


coverは「覆う」という意味の他動詞です。

coverの状態形は以下の2つです。

covering
covered

coveringは「覆っている」状態を表し
coveredは「覆われている」状態を表します

Covered in snow

上のイメージは、
雪の目線では「車をcovering」している状態
車・道路の目線では「雪でcovered」されている状態

目線の違いによって、coveringを使って表現するか、coveredを使って表現するかが変わってきます。
Covered in snow
Snow is covering a car.
A car is covered in snow.
Road is covered with snow.

snow covering the road
Snow covering the road is dirty.

a car covered in snow
There is a car covered in snow.
Can you see a car covered in snow over there?

(with snow, in snowの違いはイメージの違いです。
in snowというと雪の中に埋まっているイメージがあって、覆われている感をより大げさに??表現できます)

push

Commuters being pushed onto trains, Tokyo : Stock Photo

pushは「~を押す」という意味の他動詞

駅員さんはpushing
乗客はpushed

He is pushing people onto a train.
People are pushed onto a train.

a guy pushing people onto a train
A guy pushing people onto a train is tired.

people pushed onto a train
People pushed onto a train are tired.


excite

Image result for exciting game

exciteは「興奮させる」という意味の他動詞

ゲームはexciting
観客はexcited

exciting game
excited fan

The game is exciting.
People are excited.

Yesterday's game was exciting.

注意:
上の英語は「昨日の試合は超面白かった。」です。
「面白かった」という日本語の過去形につられて
Yesterday's game is excited
Yesterday's game was excited.
などにしないようにしましょう。

excitedは興奮させられる側を表現する単語です。

(be) excitingの過去形はwas excitingです。



では、↓を英語で表現すると??


Dogs are excited.
exited dogs
Excited dogs are jumping.


tangle

tangleは「絡む」という意味の他動詞

状態はtanglingとtangled

ロープはtangling
犬はtangled

The leash is tangling.

The leash is tangling around my dog.

My dog is tangled.

A dog is tangled with/in the leash.

a dog tangled in a leash
A dog tangled in a leash is annoyed.

Dec 30, 2015

色んな表現

以下にイメージとそれを現す英単語、表現を載せます。
状態の表現が主ですが、動作の文章も載せています。
違いを比べて、状態⇔動作の感覚を復習してください。

(単語、文などは関係なくランダムに載せています。小文字で始まるのが単語、大文字で始まるのが文です。単語と文の違いが分からない人は、単語(句)と文を見てください。)

pulling, pulled

A dog is pulling a cat's tail.
A cat is pulled by a dog.

動作
They pull each other. (彼らはお互い引き合う)
A cat gets pulled. (ネコは引っ張られる)


empty
Image result for empty
Image result for empty glass
A glass is half empty.
動作:A glass got half empty. (グラスの水が半分になった)

a empty box


full
Image result for full


I'm full.
動作:I got full. (お腹がいっぱいになった)

Image result for full
A box is full.

a half full glass


standing

Image result for standing people


He is standing.
a standing man
A standing man is wearing a green jacket.
動作:He stands with his hand in the pocket. (彼はポケットに手を入れて立ちます。)


They are standing.
standing people
They are standing in a line.
動作:They stand in a line. (彼らは列を作って立ちます。)

Image result for standing people
He is standing with a stick.
a standing old man
an old man standing with a stick
There is an old man in a blue pants with a stick.
I met a old man with a stick this morning.

walking

She is walking.
She is walking with a book.
a walking lady
a lady in a white shirt
a walking lady with long hair
She is calling while walking
She is calling while walking with a book in her hand.
A lady in a white shirt is calling while walking with a book.
動作:She walks fast. (彼女は歩くのが早い。)


tired
Image result for tired
He is tired.
A tired guy
A tired guy is sleeping with a pen.
動作:He gets tired after school. (彼は学校が終ると疲れる)


stuck
Image result for stuck
Image result for stuck in the mud
stuck in the mud
A car is stuck in the mud.
a car stuck in the mud
動作:Her car got stuck in the mud. (彼女の車はぬかるみにはまった。)
I'm stuck.


She is stuck in her job.


bored, boring

boring meeting

Image result for boring game
boring game
This game is boring.

Image result for you are boring
He is boring.
She is bored.

Image result for bored
I'm so bored.
動作:I got bored. (暇になった)


blocked, blocking

blocking the road
The big rock is blocking the road.
The road is blocked.
動作:The road got blocked. (道がふさがった)

Image result for blocking lane
A slow car is blocking a fast lane.


shocked, shocking
Image result for shocked face


Image result for shocked illustration
He is shocked.
shocking news
It's very shocking.
動作:He got shocked. (彼はショックを受けた。)


expired
Image result for expired

Image result for expired
It's expired.
動作:It got expired. (期限が切れた)


tight
Image result for tight clipart
tight pants


This blouse is too tight.
動作:This blouse got tight in the dryer. (このブラウスは乾燥機にかけてきつくなった。)


done



Image result for it's done
動作:It got done. (終った)


against
3d small people - against each other

Image result for against


standing against the wall

Image result for against

Image result for against the wind
A bird is flying against the wind.


up

Image result for thumbs up




down

sliding down




Sunny sides are up.
動作:get sunny side down (黄身を下にする)

Image result for face down
He is facing down on the bed.
動作:He gets his face down while sleeping.=He faces down while sleeping. (彼は寝るとき顔を下にする。)


out
Image result for I'm out
I'm out of office.

Image result for running out of time

Image result for running out of time
I'm running out of time.

Image result for get out
He is getting out.
動作:He got out (彼は外に出た)